In which one of the following physiological processes, excess water es

In which one of the following physiological processes, excess water escapes in the form of droplets from a plant?

Transpiration
Guttation
Secretion
Excretion
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2018
Guttation is the process where plants lose water in the form of liquid droplets from specialized pores called hydathodes, usually located at the tips or margins of leaves. This phenomenon typically occurs when transpiration rates are low (due to high humidity) but water uptake by the roots is high (due to high soil moisture and root pressure). The positive root pressure forces water up the xylem and out through the hydathodes.
Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from the plant surface, primarily through stomata.
Secretion is the process where plants release substances produced by their metabolic activity (e.g., nectar, resins, oils).
Excretion is the removal of metabolic waste products, which plants often store internally or deposit in non-living tissues; they don’t have specialized excretory organs like animals.
The specific loss of water in the form of droplets is called guttation.
– Guttation is the loss of water as liquid droplets.
– It occurs through hydathodes.
– It happens when transpiration is low and root pressure is high.
– Transpiration is the loss of water as vapor.
Guttation is different from dew, which is water that condenses on the leaf surface from atmospheric moisture. Guttation water originates from inside the plant. Guttation droplets may contain dissolved mineral salts and sugars, unlike pure condensed water.
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