In which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India, t

In which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India, the State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children between the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine ?

Article 20A

Article 21A

Article 22A

Article 23A

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UPSC SO-Steno – 2018

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Article 21A of the Constitution of India, inserted by the Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002, makes elementary education a fundamental right. It states that “The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.”

This Article places a constitutional obligation on the State to ensure access to education for children in the specified age group. It gave constitutional backing to the right to education, which was previously only a Directive Principle of State Policy (Article 45).

Following the insertion of Article 21A, the Parliament enacted the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (RTE Act) to provide the legal framework for implementing this fundamental right. The 86th Amendment also changed the subject matter of Article 45 and added a new fundamental duty under Article 51A(k).

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