In which one among the following mediums would the speed of sound be m

In which one among the following mediums would the speed of sound be maximum ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Distilled water” option2=”Sea water” option3=”Drinking water” option4=”Methanol” correct=”option2″]

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UPSC CDS-2 – 2024

The speed of sound depends on the properties of the medium through which it travels, specifically its density and compressibility (bulk modulus). Sound travels fastest in solids, then liquids, and slowest in gases. Among the given liquids, sea water has dissolved salts, which makes it slightly denser and less compressible than distilled or drinking water. Methanol is less dense than water. Generally, sound travels faster in denser and less compressible liquids. Therefore, the speed of sound is highest in sea water among the given options.

– Speed of sound increases with the stiffness (bulk modulus) of the medium and decreases with density, though the effect of stiffness is usually more significant in liquids and solids.
– Dissolved salts in sea water increase its density and bulk modulus compared to fresh water.

Typical speed of sound in air at 20°C is about 343 m/s. In fresh water at 20°C, it’s about 1482 m/s. In sea water at 20°C and typical salinity, it’s about 1522 m/s. In methanol at 20°C, it’s about 1100 m/s. This confirms that sound travels faster in sea water than the other liquid options provided.

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