In which of the following organisational structure, each specialist is supposed to give his functional advice to all other foremen and workers?

The correct answer is: C. Line and staff organisation

In a line and staff organisation, there are two types of employees: line employees and staff employees. Line employees are responsible for the day-to-day operations of the organisation, while staff employees provide advice and support to the line employees.

In a line and staff organisation, each specialist is supposed to give his functional advice to all other foremen and workers. This is because the staff employees are experts in their field and can provide valuable advice to the line employees.

The other options are incorrect because:

• In a line organisation, there is a clear hierarchy of authority, with each employee reporting to a single supervisor. In this type of organisation, there is no need for specialists to provide advice to other employees, as the supervisor will make all decisions.
• In a functional organisation, there are separate departments for each function, such as marketing, finance, and human resources. Employees in these departments are responsible for providing advice and support to the line employees. However, they do not have the authority to make decisions on behalf of the line employees.
• In a matrix organisation, employees are assigned to both a functional department and a project team. This allows them to receive advice and support from both their functional manager and their project manager. However, it is not the case that each specialist is supposed to give his functional advice to all other foremen and workers.