In which of the following, functional group isomerism is not possible?

Alcohols

Aldehydes

Alkyl halides

Cyanides

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2019

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The correct option is C.

Functional group isomerism involves compounds with the same molecular formula but different functional groups. Alcohols and ethers are functional group isomers (e.g., ethanol and dimethyl ether). Aldehydes and ketones are functional group isomers (e.g., propanal and propanone). Cyanides and isocyanides are functional group isomers (e.g., methyl cyanide and methyl isocyanide). Simple alkyl halides (R-X) generally do not have common functional group isomers with the same molecular formula; positional isomerism (different position of X on the carbon chain) is possible, but not a different functional group itself that is isomeric to an alkyl halide.

Isomers share the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms. Different types of isomerism include structural isomerism (chain, positional, functional group, metamerism, tautomerism) and stereoisomerism (geometric and optical). Functional group isomerism is a type of structural isomerism.

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