The correct answer is (a). In Shayara Bano Vs. Union of India, the Supreme Court of India held that the practice of triple talaq, or instant divorce, is unconstitutional. The court ruled that the practice violates the fundamental rights of Muslim women to equality and dignity. The court also held that the practice is not essential to Islam and that it can be reformed.
The other options are incorrect. (b) Naz Foundation Vs. Union of India was a case in which the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which criminalized homosexuality. (c) Daniel Latifi Vs. Union of India was a case in which the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act, which gives the Indian military sweeping powers to operate in areas of conflict. (d) Shabnam Hashmi Vs. Union of India was a case in which the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the death penalty.
The Supreme Court’s decision in Shayara Bano Vs. Union of India was a landmark ruling that has had a significant impact on the lives of Muslim women in India. The ruling has helped to improve the status of Muslim women in India and has made it more difficult for men to divorce their wives without cause.