The correct answer is (c). Benjamin List and David MacMillan were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2021 for their development of asymmetric organocatalysis.
Asymmetric catalysis is a type of catalysis that produces only one enantiomer of a chiral molecule. This is important because many drugs and other chemicals are chiral, and only one enantiomer is active.
List and MacMillan developed a new type of asymmetric catalysis that uses small organic molecules as catalysts. This is in contrast to traditional asymmetric catalysis, which uses metal catalysts.
Their work has revolutionized the field of organic chemistry and has led to the development of new drugs and other chemicals.
Option (a) is incorrect because Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, and Giorgio Parisi were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2021 for their work on climate change.
Option (b) is incorrect because David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2021 for their discovery of receptors for temperature and touch.
Option (d) is incorrect because Abdulrazak Gurnah was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2021 for his “uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents”.