The correct answer is (b).
The Third Battle of Panipat was fought on 14 January 1761, near Panipat, about 97 km (60 mi) north of Delhi, between the Maratha Empire and the invading Afghan army of Ahmad Shah Durrani. The battle was a decisive victory for the Afghans, who routed the Maratha army and killed their leader, Sadashivrao Bhau. The battle marked the end of the Maratha Empire’s expansionist ambitions and led to the decline of their power.
The Mughals were a Muslim dynasty that ruled over most of India from the 16th to the 18th centuries. They were founded by Babur, a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan, who invaded India from Central Asia in 1526. The Mughals were a powerful and sophisticated empire, and they built many beautiful palaces and monuments. However, they were also autocratic and oppressive, and their rule was often marked by violence and instability. The Mughal Empire began to decline in the 18th century, and it finally collapsed in 1857.
The British East India Company was a British trading company that was founded in 1600. The company was granted a monopoly on trade with India by the British Crown, and it quickly became one of the most powerful companies in the world. The British East India Company began to expand its influence in India in the 18th century, and it eventually became the dominant power in the subcontinent. The company ruled India for nearly 200 years, from 1757 to 1947.
The Rohillas were a Pashtun tribe that lived in the Rohilkhand region of northern India. They were a powerful and warlike tribe, and they often clashed with the Mughal Empire. In 1774, the Rohillas were defeated by the British East India Company, and their territory was annexed to the British Raj.
The Marathas were a Hindu warrior caste that originated in the Deccan region of India. They were a powerful and independent force in India for centuries, and they often clashed with the Mughal Empire. In the 18th century, the Marathas emerged as the dominant power in India, and they expanded their empire to include much of the subcontinent. However, the Maratha Empire began to decline in the late 18th century, and it was finally defeated by the British East India Company in the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761.