In the Hadley cell thermal circulation, air rises up and finally descends at
intertropical convergence zone
doldrums
subtropical high-pressure cells
equatorial troughs
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This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2020
The Hadley cell is a large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern that dominates the tropical atmosphere. Warm, moist air rises at the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), located near the equator, driven by intense solar heating (creating a low-pressure area). This rising air cools, loses moisture (leading to tropical rainfall), and then flows poleward at high altitudes. Around 30 degrees latitude North and South, the air cools further, becomes denser, and descends towards the surface. This descending air is dry and leads to high-pressure areas known as the subtropical high-pressure cells. This descent inhibits cloud formation, resulting in clear skies and arid conditions often associated with major deserts found around these latitudes.