In India, the largest percentage of decadal growth of urbanization has been witnessed during

The correct answer is (b) 1971-81.

The percentage of urban population in India increased from 17.3% in 1971 to 23.3% in 1981, a growth rate of 34.7%. This was the highest decadal growth rate of urbanization in India.

The reasons for this high growth rate of urbanization during 1971-81 include:

• Rapid industrialization and economic growth, which led to the growth of urban employment opportunities.
• Increase in rural-urban migration, due to factors such as poverty, unemployment, and lack of development in rural areas.
• Expansion of urban infrastructure, such as roads, railways, and housing, which made it easier for people to live in urban areas.

The high growth rate of urbanization during 1971-81 had a number of positive and negative impacts.

Some of the positive impacts included:

• Increased economic growth and development, as urban areas are more productive than rural areas.
• Improved access to education, healthcare, and other social services.
• Increased social and cultural diversity.

Some of the negative impacts included:

• Increased pollution and environmental degradation.
• Overcrowding and slums.
• Traffic congestion and other infrastructure problems.
• Social unrest and crime.

The high growth rate of urbanization in India is expected to continue in the future. The government is taking a number of measures to address the challenges of urbanization, such as:

• Investing in urban infrastructure.
• Promoting sustainable development.
• Regulating urban growth.
• Providing social and economic opportunities for all citizens.