In India, ‘extended producer responsibility’ was introduced as an impo

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In India, ‘extended producer responsibility’ was introduced as an important feature in which of the following?

The Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998
The Recycled Plastic (Manufacturing and Usage) Rules, 1999
The e-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011
The Food Safety and Standard Regulations, 2011
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2019
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The correct answer is C. ‘Extended producer responsibility’ was introduced as an important feature in the e-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011.
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a policy approach under which producers are given a significant responsibility for the post-consumer stage of their products’ life cycle. In India, the concept of EPR was first formally introduced and elaborated in the e-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011. These rules made producers responsible for the collection and channelization of e-waste generated from the ‘end-of-life’ of their products. Subsequent rules, like the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016, also adopted the EPR principle for plastic waste.
The e-Waste (Management) Rules were further amended in 2016 and 2018, strengthening the provisions for EPR, including setting collection targets for producers. The concept aims to internalize the environmental costs associated with the disposal of goods into the product price, promoting environmentally sound waste management and encouraging product design changes that reduce environmental impact.

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