In human body, the cell growth and differentiation are highly controll

In human body, the cell growth and differentiation are highly controlled and regulated, but in cancer cells

there is breakdown of these regulatory mechanisms leading to formation of benign and malignant tumors
controlled cell division and over-production of genetic material occur
RNA is mutated and produced in less amount
DNA is mutated and produced in less amount
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2017
In normal cells, growth and differentiation are tightly controlled by genetic programs and regulatory mechanisms. Cancer cells are characterized by a breakdown of these control mechanisms. This leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation, loss of differentiation, and the potential to invade surrounding tissues and spread to distant sites, forming malignant tumors. Benign tumors are localized growths that do not invade or spread, also resulting from deregulation but less severe.
The fundamental characteristic of cancer cells is the loss of control over cell growth and division, contrasting sharply with the tightly regulated processes in normal cells.
Cancer development involves genetic mutations and epigenetic changes that disrupt cell cycle control, apoptosis (programmed cell death), and cell-cell communication.