In his landmark book Cybernetics, Norbert Wiener suggested a way of modeling scientific phenomena using not energy, but: A. mathematics B. intelligence C. information D. history E. None of the above

The correct answer is: C. information

In his landmark book Cybernetics, Norbert Wiener suggested a way of modeling scientific phenomena using not energy, but information. He argued that information is the key to understanding how systems work, and that by understanding information flow, we can better understand the world around us.

Wiener’s work has had a profound impact on many fields, including computer science, biology, and economics. It has also led to the development of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning.

Here is a brief explanation of each option:

• Option A: Mathematics is a tool that can be used to model scientific phenomena, but it is not the only tool. Wiener argued that information is a more fundamental concept than mathematics.
• Option B: Intelligence is a property of living systems, and it can be used to model scientific phenomena. However, Wiener argued that information is a more fundamental concept than intelligence.
• Option C: Information is a key concept in cybernetics, and it is the basis for Wiener’s approach to modeling scientific phenomena.
• Option D: History is a record of past events, and it can be used to model scientific phenomena. However, Wiener argued that information is a more fundamental concept than history.
• Option E: None of the above is the correct answer.