The correct answer is: D. All of these
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes. It is a common form of reproduction in fungi, and it can occur by fragmentation, budding, or spore formation.
Fragmentation is a type of asexual reproduction in which a piece of a fungus breaks off and grows into a new individual. This can happen when a fungus is damaged or when it is growing in a crowded environment.
Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new individual grows out of a parent individual. This can happen when a fungus forms a bud, which is a small, new growth that eventually separates from the parent individual.
Spore formation is a type of asexual reproduction in which a fungus produces spores. Spores are tiny, reproductive cells that can be dispersed by the wind or water. When a spore lands in a suitable environment, it can germinate and grow into a new individual.
All of these methods of asexual reproduction are common in fungi. The method that is used most often depends on the species of fungus and the environment in which it is growing.