In deep ponds and lakes, which one of the following vertical zones rec

In deep ponds and lakes, which one of the following vertical zones receives least light penetration?

Surface
Littoral zone
Limnetic zone
Profundal zone
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Geoscientist – 2023
The correct answer is Profundal zone.
In deep ponds and lakes, the water column is divided into different zones based on light penetration. The Profundal zone is the deep-water zone beneath the Limnetic zone, where light penetration is insufficient for photosynthesis. It is often dark and characterized by decomposition.
The Surface (Epilimnion) and Limnetic zones are well-lit areas where photosynthesis can occur. The Littoral zone is the shallow area near the shore where light reaches the bottom, allowing rooted plants to grow. The Profundal zone is typically aphotic (without light).