In artificial insemination (AI) process, which of the following is / a

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In artificial insemination (AI) process, which of the following is / are introduced into the uterus of the female ?

Egg only
Fertilized egg
Sperm only
Egg and sperm
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2016
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Artificial insemination (AI) is a fertility treatment that involves placing sperm directly into a woman’s uterus (intrauterine insemination, IUI), fallopian tube, or cervix, with the goal of achieving a pregnancy. This procedure bypasses the need for sperm to travel from the vagina through the cervix into the uterus. Only sperm are introduced in artificial insemination. Fertilization (union of egg and sperm) occurs naturally within the female reproductive tract after the sperm introduction.
Artificial insemination specifically involves the introduction of sperm into the female reproductive tract.
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a different process where eggs are retrieved from the woman, fertilized with sperm in a laboratory dish, and the resulting embryo(s) are then transferred into the uterus. Options A, B, and D describe parts of natural conception or IVF procedures, but not typical artificial insemination.

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