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In a plant cell, which one of the following contains their own DNA ?

June 1, 2025 by rawan239

In a plant cell, which one of the following contains their own DNA ?

Nucleus and Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosome and Golgi apparatus

Mitochondria and Chloroplast

Chloroplast and Vacuoles

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-1 – 2023

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The correct answer is C) Mitochondria and Chloroplast.

In a plant cell (which is a eukaryotic cell), the majority of the genetic material (DNA) is located in the nucleus. However, some organelles within the plant cell also contain their own DNA. These are mitochondria and chloroplasts (which are a type of plastid). Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have originated from endosymbiotic events and retain their own small, circular DNA molecules (mtDNA and cpDNA, respectively), as well as their own ribosomes (70S type, similar to prokaryotes), allowing them to synthesize some of their own proteins. The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes (cytoplasmic), Golgi apparatus, and Vacuoles are all organelles found in plant cells, but they do not contain their own DNA. Ribosomes themselves are not organelles in the sense of being membrane-bound structures, and while they are involved in protein synthesis, they don’t contain the genetic code (DNA) for those proteins.

The presence of independent DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts supports the endosymbiotic theory, which posits that these organelles originated from free-living prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells. This DNA allows for some degree of semi-autonomy for these organelles within the cell.

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