In a mammalian cell, protein is synthesized on:

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Golgi apparatus

Plasma membrane

Lysosomes

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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UPSC Geoscientist – 2021

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Protein synthesis (translation) in mammalian cells occurs on ribosomes. Ribosomes can be found freely in the cytoplasm, or they can be attached to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. When ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, it is called the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER), and it is the site where proteins destined for secretion, insertion into membranes, or delivery to other organelles (like lysosomes) are synthesized.

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, and they are associated with the RER for specific types of proteins.

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins. The plasma membrane is the outer boundary of the cell. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes. Free ribosomes synthesize proteins that function in the cytoplasm.

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