If the speed of light in air is represented by c and the speed in a me

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If the speed of light in air is represented by c and the speed in a medium is v, then the refractive index of the medium can be calculated using the formula

v / c
c / v
c / (2. v)
(c - v) / c
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2020
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The refractive index of the medium can be calculated using the formula c / v.
The refractive index (n) of a medium is a dimensionless quantity that describes how fast light travels through the medium. It is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum (c₀) to the speed of light in the medium (v). Air is often used as an approximation for vacuum, so if the speed of light in air is represented by c and the speed in the medium is v, the refractive index is given by n = c / v.
The refractive index is always greater than or equal to 1 (n ≥ 1), with n=1 for vacuum (or approximately for air). A higher refractive index means light travels slower in the medium and bends more when entering from a medium with a lower refractive index.

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