The correct answer is: B. John McCarthy.
John McCarthy is considered the “father of artificial intelligence” because he coined the term “artificial intelligence” in 1955 and organized the Dartmouth Workshop in 1956, which is considered the founding event of the field of artificial intelligence.
A.M. Turing is considered the “father of theoretical computer science” because he developed the Turing machine, which is a theoretical model of computation that is still used today to analyze the capabilities of computers.
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon are considered the “fathers of cognitive science” because they developed the Newell-Simon architecture, which is a model of human cognition that is still used today to understand how humans think.
E. None of the above is not the correct answer because John McCarthy is considered the “father of artificial intelligence”.