If $$\overrightarrow {\text{r}} $$ is the position vector of any point on a closed surface S that encloses volume V then $$\iint\limits_{\text{S}} {\overrightarrow {\text{r}} \cdot {\text{d}}\overrightarrow {\text{S}} }$$ is equal to A. $$\frac{1}{2}$$V B. V C. 2V D. 3V

$$rac{1}{2}$$V
V
2V
3V

The correct answer is $\boxed{\text{B) }V}$.

The triple integral $\iint\limits_{\text{S}} {\overrightarrow {\text{r}} \cdot {\text{d}}\overrightarrow {\text{S}} }$ is the surface integral of the position vector over a closed surface $S$. It can be interpreted as the volume enclosed by $S$.

To see this, consider a small surface element $d\overrightarrow {\text{S}}$ on $S$. The vector $d\overrightarrow {\text{S}}$ is a vector normal to $S$, and its magnitude is the area of $d\overrightarrow {\text{S}}$. The dot product of $\overrightarrow {\text{r}}$ and $d\overrightarrow {\text{S}}$ is the projection of $\overrightarrow {\text{r}}$ onto $d\overrightarrow {\text{S}}$. Therefore, the surface integral $\iint\limits_{\text{S}} {\overrightarrow {\text{r}} \cdot {\text{d}}\overrightarrow {\text{S}} }$ is the sum of the projections of $\overrightarrow {\text{r}}$ onto all the surface elements $d\overrightarrow {\text{S}}$ on $S$.

If $S$ is a closed surface that encloses volume $V$, then the projections of $\overrightarrow {\text{r}}$ onto all the surface elements $d\overrightarrow {\text{S}}$ on $S$ will add up to the volume $V$. Therefore, the surface integral $\iint\limits_{\text{S}} {\overrightarrow {\text{r}} \cdot {\text{d}}\overrightarrow {\text{S}} }$ is equal to the volume $V$.

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