If human blood is placed in a 2% detergent solution, what will happen

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If human blood is placed in a 2% detergent solution, what will happen to the RBC?

The RBC will shrink.
The RBC will swell and become turgid.
The RBC will swell and burst.
The RBC will lyse.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2021
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The correct answer is (D) The RBC will lyse.
Detergents are surfactants that disrupt cell membranes, which are primarily composed of lipid bilayers and proteins. Placing red blood cells (RBCs) in a detergent solution causes the detergent molecules to interact with and solubilize the lipids and proteins of the cell membrane. This disruption leads to the breakdown and disintegration of the cell membrane, a process called lysis.
While osmotic effects (swelling/bursting in hypotonic solutions or shrinking in hypertonic solutions) can cause RBCs to change shape and potentially lyse (in hypotonic conditions), the primary action of a detergent is direct chemical disruption of the membrane structure, leading to lysis regardless of simple osmosis. A 2% detergent solution is a potent cell lysing agent.

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