If, during dispersal of an unlawful assembly, an army officer, command

If, during dispersal of an unlawful assembly, an army officer, commanded to disperse it, exceeds his power which had resulted into the death of four women and three children, that army officer can be prosecuted with the sanction of

his Commanding Officer
the District Magistrate
the Central Government
the concerned State Government
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2018
The correct answer is C) the Central Government.
Section 132 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 provides protection against prosecution for acts done in good faith to disperse an unlawful assembly. Section 132(3) specifically states that “No prosecution shall be instituted in any Criminal Court against any person for any act done in good faith in pursuance of this section… (c) if such person is a member of the armed forces of the Union, without the sanction of the Central Government.” In this scenario, the army officer is a member of the armed forces acting (though exceeding power) in the course of dispersing an unlawful assembly.
This provision grants special protection to members of the armed forces when acting to maintain public order, requiring the highest level of executive sanction (Central Government) before they can be prosecuted for such actions, provided the act was done in pursuance of Section 132, even if power was exceeded. The intention is to protect them from vexatious litigation while ensuring accountability through a high-level review process.