If a circle and a square have the same perimeter, then

If a circle and a square have the same perimeter, then

their areas are equal
the area of the circle is greater than the area of the square
the area of the square is greater than the area of circle
the area of the circle is two times the area of the square
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UPSC CAPF – 2019
If a circle and a square have the same perimeter, the area of the circle is greater than the area of the square.
Let the perimeter of both the circle and the square be $P$.
For a square with side length $s$, the perimeter is $4s=P$, so $s = P/4$. The area of the square is $A_{\text{square}} = s^2 = (P/4)^2 = P^2/16$.
For a circle with radius $r$, the perimeter is $2\pi r=P$, so $r = P/(2\pi)$. The area of the circle is $A_{\text{circle}} = \pi r^2 = \pi (P/(2\pi))^2 = \pi (P^2/(4\pi^2)) = P^2/(4\pi)$.
To compare the areas, we compare $P^2/16$ and $P^2/(4\pi)$. This is equivalent to comparing $1/16$ and $1/(4\pi)$.
Since $\pi \approx 3.14159$, $4\pi \approx 12.566$.
Comparing $1/16$ and $1/12.566$. Since $16 > 12.566$, it follows that $1/16 < 1/12.566$. Therefore, $A_{\text{square}} < A_{\text{circle}}$. The area of the circle is greater than the area of the square. This is a general geometric principle: among all planar shapes with the same perimeter, the circle has the largest area.