Human insulin molecule is composed of one α-chain having 21 amino acid

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Human insulin molecule is composed of one α-chain having 21 amino acids and one β-chain having 30 amino acids. How many functional insulin genes occur in adult humans?

One
Two
Three
Four
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2017
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There are two functional insulin genes in adult humans.
The gene encoding human insulin, INS, is located on chromosome 11. Humans are diploid organisms, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes (except for sex chromosomes in males). Therefore, a healthy individual has two copies of the INS gene, one on each of the homologous chromosome 11 pair. Both copies are typically functional, encoding the proinsulin precursor that is cleaved to form mature insulin.
Mutations in the INS gene can lead to various forms of diabetes, such as Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young type 1 (MODY1). The structure of the insulin molecule, composed of alpha and beta chains linked by disulfide bonds, is derived from a single proinsulin polypeptide chain.

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