How many of the following statements regarding medicine and related pr

How many of the following statements regarding medicine and related practices in medieval India is/are correct?

1. Indian medicine of the Graeco-Arabic tradition (Tibb-i-Yunani) was almost identical in its practice with contemporary Persian medicine.
2. Harvey’s discovery of the circulation of blood was explained to a scholarly noble by European traveller Francois Bernier.
3. The practice of smallpox inoculation was described in contemporary Yunani and Ayurvedic texts.

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

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Statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Tibb-i-Yunani was a systematized medical tradition originating from Greek medicine that flourished in the Islamic world and was widely adopted in medieval India, sharing fundamental principles and practices with contemporary Persian medicine. European traveller Francois Bernier, a physician, is known to have discussed Western scientific discoveries, including Harvey’s work on circulation, with Indian scholars and nobles during his time in the Mughal Empire.

Statement 3 is incorrect. While the practice of smallpox inoculation (variolation) existed in India, particularly as a folk tradition, its detailed description in contemporary major Yunani or Ayurvedic texts is not widely established. Historical accounts of the practice primarily come from observations by Europeans in the 18th century describing local methods.

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