The correct answer is (d). A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of data. It is an estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable (quantitative variable) and was first introduced by Karl Pearson.
A histogram is a bar graph with an area proportional to the frequency of each class. The bins (intervals) on the horizontal axis must be adjacent and of equal width. The bins are often specified as ranges of values, although they can also be specified as counts or percentages.
The mean is the average of the values in a data set. It is calculated by adding all the values in the data set and dividing by the number of values. The median is the middle value in a data set when the values are arranged in order from least to greatest. The mode is the most frequent value in a data set.
A histogram can be used to estimate the mean, median, and mode of a data set. To estimate the mean, find the area under the histogram and divide it by the total area of the histogram. To estimate the median, find the bin that contains the middle value of the data set. To estimate the mode, find the bin that contains the most values in the data set.
Here is an example of a histogram:
This histogram shows the distribution of the heights of 100 people. The mean height is 68 inches, the median height is 67 inches, and the mode height is 66 inches.
Histograms are a useful tool for visualizing the distribution of data. They can be used to identify the shape of the distribution, the mean, median, and mode, and the outliers.