Henry Fayol was a French____________.

The correct answer is: C. Manager.

Henry Fayol was a French mining engineer, author and director of mines who developed a general theory of business administration that is often called Fayolism. He and his colleagues developed this theory independently of the work of Max Weber. Fayol’s theories include the following:

• Division of work: Tasks should be divided and assigned to individuals so that they can be performed more efficiently.
• Authority and responsibility: Authority should be commensurate with responsibility.
• Discipline: Employees should obey orders and rules.
• Unity of command: Each employee should receive orders from only one superior.
• Unity of direction: All activities with the same objective should be coordinated.
• Subordination of individual interests to the general interest: The interests of the organization should take precedence over the interests of individuals.
• Remuneration: Employees should be paid fairly for their work.
• Centralization: The degree of centralization should be appropriate for the situation.
• Scalar chain: The chain of command should be followed in communication.
• Order: Materials and people should be in their proper place.
• Equity: Employees should be treated fairly.
• Stability of tenure of personnel: Employees should be kept in their jobs as long as they are performing well.
• Initiative: Employees should be encouraged to take initiative.
• Espirit de corps: Teamwork and cooperation should be encouraged.

Fayol’s ideas have been influential in the development of management theory and practice. His work is still studied today by students and practitioners of management.

The other options are incorrect because:

• A. Industrialist: Henry Fayol was not an industrialist. He was a mining engineer and manager.
• B. Writer: Henry Fayol was a writer, but he was not primarily a writer. He was a mining engineer and manager who wrote about management theory.
• D. Actor: Henry Fayol was not an actor. He was a mining engineer and manager.