The correct answer is: a) Shipping ports & export hubs.
Gujarat has a long coastline of about 1,600 kilometers. It has several major ports, including Kandla, Mundra, and Pipavav. These ports are used to export goods such as textiles, chemicals, and petroleum products. They are also used to import raw materials for industries in Gujarat, such as iron ore, coal, and crude oil.
The presence of these ports has made Gujarat a major industrial hub. The state is home to a number of large industries, including refineries, steel mills, and chemical plants. These industries provide employment to millions of people and contribute significantly to the state’s economy.
The other options are not as important for Gujarat’s industrial development. Tourism potential is not a major factor, as Gujarat does not have as many tourist attractions as other states in India. Availability of mineral resources is also not a major factor, as Gujarat does not have large reserves of minerals. Proximity to urban centers is not a major factor, as Gujarat is not located near any major urban centers.