The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Groundwater exploitation for irrigation in Bihar is a concern due to the following reasons:
Declining water tables: The water table is the level at which the ground is saturated with water. When groundwater is extracted, the water table drops. This can lead to a number of problems, including:
- Reduced availability of water for drinking, irrigation, and other uses
- Increased risk of flooding
- Degradation of ecosystems
Increased salinity: Salinity is the concentration of salt in water. When groundwater is extracted, it can bring salt to the surface. This can make the water unsuitable for drinking, irrigation, and other uses.
Arsenic contamination: Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that can contaminate groundwater. When groundwater is extracted, it can bring arsenic to the surface. This can make the water unsuitable for drinking, irrigation, and other uses.
The exploitation of groundwater for irrigation in Bihar is a serious concern. It is important to take steps to reduce the amount of groundwater that is extracted and to protect the quality of groundwater.