The correct answer is: presence detection.
Presence detection is the ability to determine whether or not a device is present on a network. This can be done in a number of ways, such as by monitoring the device’s IP address, MAC address, or by using a presence sensor.
Presence detection is important for a number of reasons. For example, it can be used to automatically power on or off devices when they are needed, to prevent unauthorized access to devices, and to track the location of devices.
Signaling is the process of sending and receiving information over a network. This can be done in a number of ways, such as through wired or wireless connections.
Security is the process of protecting data and devices from unauthorized access or use. This can be done through a number of methods, such as encryption, authentication, and authorization.
Power consumption is the amount of power that a device uses. This can be measured in watts or kilowatts.
In conclusion, the correct answer to the question “gives an exact, up to the second state of all devices on a network” is presence detection.