The correct answer is (a) Ann Oakley.
Ann Oakley was a British sociologist who conducted extensive research on gender roles. She argued that gender roles are not biologically determined, but are instead socially constructed. She found that there is a great deal of variation in gender roles across cultures, and that these roles are often based on stereotypes and assumptions about what is appropriate for men and women.
G.P. Murdock was an American anthropologist who studied the family and kinship. He argued that there are certain universal features of family and kinship, including the division of labor between men and women. However, he also acknowledged that there is a great deal of variation in gender roles across cultures.
Talcott Parsons was an American sociologist who developed a theory of social stratification. He argued that gender roles are based on the functional needs of society. He believed that men are naturally suited for roles that require strength and aggression, while women are naturally suited for roles that require nurturance and care.
J. Bowlby was a British psychologist who developed attachment theory. He argued that the quality of attachment between a child and their caregiver has a significant impact on the child’s development. He did not specifically address the issue of gender roles.