The correct answer is: A. formal organization.
A formal organization is a structured group of people that is created to achieve a specific goal. It has a clear hierarchy of authority, with each person having a specific role and responsibility. Formal authority flows from the top of the organization to the bottom, with each person being accountable to their superior.
An informal organization is a group of people who interact with each other on a regular basis, but who do not have a formal structure or hierarchy. Informal organizations can be very powerful, as they can influence the behavior of people within the formal organization.
A business organization is a type of formal organization that is created to generate profit. It has a clear goal of making money, and it is structured in a way that is designed to achieve that goal.
A strategic organization is a type of formal organization that is created to achieve a specific long-term goal. It has a clear vision for the future, and it is structured in a way that is designed to achieve that vision.
In conclusion, formal authority flows from upwards to downwards in a formal organization.