The correct answer is (a). The Environment Protection Act was passed in 1982. It is an act of the Parliament of India to provide for the protection and improvement of the environment and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. The Act was enacted in response to the growing concern about the degradation of the environment and its impact on human health and well-being. The Act provides for the establishment of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, the Central Pollution Control Board, and the State Pollution Control Boards. It also provides for the setting up of environmental standards, the regulation of industrial pollution, and the enforcement of environmental laws. The Act has been amended several times since its enactment, most recently in 2019.
The other options are incorrect. Option (b), 1989, is the year in which the National Environment Policy was adopted. Option (c), 1983, is the year in which the Wildlife Protection Act was passed. Option (d), 1986, is the year in which the Forest Conservation Act was passed.