For adjudication of Industrial Disputes, which one of the following ma

For adjudication of Industrial Disputes, which one of the following machineries has been established ?

The Industrial Tribunal
National Commission on Labour
Labour Committee
Wage Board
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
The correct answer is A) The Industrial Tribunal.
– The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 provides a framework for the investigation and settlement of industrial disputes. It establishes various authorities for this purpose.
– For the adjudication of industrial disputes, the Act provides for Labour Courts, Industrial Tribunals, and National Industrial Tribunals.
– Labour Courts adjudicate disputes relating to matters specified in the Second Schedule of the Act.
– Industrial Tribunals adjudicate disputes relating to matters specified in both the Second and Third Schedules of the Act, typically dealing with more complex and significant disputes than Labour Courts.
– National Industrial Tribunals are constituted by the Central Government to adjudicate disputes involving questions of national importance or those affecting industrial establishments in more than one State.
– Among the given options, the Industrial Tribunal is a direct machinery established under the Act specifically for the adjudication of industrial disputes.
Other mechanisms under the Act include Conciliation Officers and Boards of Conciliation (for settlement through agreement) and Courts of Inquiry (for investigating and reporting on disputes). Wage Boards are extra-statutory bodies for wage fixation, and National Commissions on Labour are ad-hoc bodies for reviewing labour laws, not primary dispute adjudication mechanisms under the ID Act.
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