The correct answer is: a) Hatcheries.
Hatcheries are facilities where fish eggs are hatched and reared to the fry or fingerling stage. They are used to produce fish for stocking in aquaculture ponds, reservoirs, and other water bodies. Hatcheries can be either government-run or privately owned.
Induced breeding is a technique used to artificially induce fish to spawn. This is done by injecting hormones into the fish or by exposing them to certain environmental conditions, such as changes in temperature or light. Induced breeding is used to increase the production of fish seed, especially for species that are difficult to breed naturally.
Natural reproduction in rivers is the process by which fish spawn in the wild. This is the most common way for fish to reproduce, but it is not always successful. Natural reproduction can be affected by factors such as water quality, pollution, and habitat loss.
Import of fish fry is the process of bringing fish fry into a country from another country. This is done when there is a shortage of fish fry or when the desired species of fish is not available in the country. Import of fish fry can be expensive and can also introduce diseases into the country.
In Punjab, fish seed production is primarily done through hatcheries. This is because hatcheries can produce a large number of fish seed in a short period of time. Hatcheries also have the advantage of being able to produce fish seed of a specific species or strain.