The correct answer is: A. is not seen
In most non-western countries, punishment is not seen as a deterrent. This is because these countries have a different view of the purpose of punishment. In non-western countries, punishment is seen as a way to restore balance or harmony, rather than as a way to deter crime.
Option B, “hasn’t seen,” is incorrect because it is in the past tense. The question is asking about the current view of punishment in non-western countries, so the past tense is not appropriate.
Option C, “weren’t seen,” is also incorrect because it is in the past tense. Additionally, the plural form of “seen” is not appropriate, because the question is asking about the view of punishment in non-western countries in general, not about the view of punishment in specific non-western countries.
Option D, “aren’t seen,” is the correct answer because it is in the present tense and it is in the singular form. Additionally, it is consistent with the view of punishment in non-western countries, which is that punishment is not seen as a deterrent.