The correct answer is D. Total internal reflection of light.
Fiber optic cables are made of thin strands of glass or plastic that are able to transmit light over long distances. The light is guided through the cable by total internal reflection, which is a phenomenon that occurs when light passes from one medium to another at an angle greater than the critical angle. When this happens, the light is reflected back into the first medium instead of passing through the second medium.
This principle is used in fiber optic cables to keep the light from escaping the cable. The light is reflected back and forth along the cable until it reaches its destination. This allows for the transmission of data over long distances with very little loss of signal.
Regular reflection of light occurs when light hits a surface at an angle and is reflected back in the same direction. Diffuse reflection of light occurs when light hits a surface at an angle and is reflected in all directions. Refraction of light occurs when light passes from one medium to another at an angle and is bent.