The correct answer is: C. small span of management.
A small span of management is when a manager has a small number of subordinates reporting directly to them. This means that the manager has more time and attention to devote to each individual subordinate, and can provide more individual support and guidance. A small span of management can also lead to better communication and coordination between subordinates, as they are more likely to know each other and work together closely.
A wide span of management is when a manager has a large number of subordinates reporting directly to them. This means that the manager has less time and attention to devote to each individual subordinate, and may not be able to provide as much individual support and guidance. A wide span of management can also lead to communication and coordination problems between subordinates, as they may not know each other or work together closely.
A large span of management can be effective in some situations, such as when subordinates are highly skilled and experienced, or when there is a clear hierarchy in place. However, a small span of management is generally more effective in most situations, as it allows managers to provide more individual support and guidance to their subordinates.