Father of principles of management.

The correct answer is C. Henry Fayol.

Henry Fayol was a French mining engineer, mining executive, and author who developed a general theory of business administration that is often called Fayolism. He and his colleagues developed this theory independently of scientific management but roughly contemporaneously. He is widely acknowledged as the father of modern management theory.

Fayol’s 14 principles of management are:

1. Division of work: Work should be divided into specialized tasks so that each worker can focus on a specific area of expertise.
2. Authority and responsibility: Authority should be commensurate with responsibility, and managers should be held accountable for their actions.
3. Discipline: Employees should obey orders and follow rules and regulations.
4. Unity of command: Each employee should receive orders from only one superior.
5. Unity of direction: All activities within a company should have a single plan and goal.
6. Subordination of individual interests to the general interest: The interests of the company should take precedence over the interests of any individual employee.
7. Remuneration: Employees should be paid fairly for their work.
8. Centralization: The degree of centralization of authority should vary depending on the circumstances.
9. Scalar chain: A clear line of authority should exist from the top to the bottom of the organization.
10. Order: Materials and people should be in their proper place at all times.
11. Equity: Managers should be fair and just in their dealings with employees.
12. Stability of tenure of personnel: Employees should be given job security so that they can develop their skills and knowledge.
13. Initiative: Employees should be encouraged to take initiative and be creative.
14. Esprit de corps: A spirit of unity and cooperation should exist among employees.

Fayol’s principles of management are still relevant today, and they provide a foundation for effective management practice.