The correct answer is D) All of the above.
Heavy monsoon rainfall is a major factor contributing to floods in Madhya Pradesh. The state receives an average of 1,000 mm of rainfall per year, with most of it falling during the monsoon season from June to September. This heavy rainfall can cause rivers to overflow their banks, leading to flooding in low-lying areas.
Deforestation is another major factor contributing to floods in Madhya Pradesh. Trees help to absorb rainfall and prevent soil erosion. When trees are cut down, the soil is more likely to be washed away by heavy rains, leading to flooding.
Riverbank erosion is also a major factor contributing to floods in Madhya Pradesh. Riverbanks are eroded by the force of the water flowing through the river. When riverbanks are eroded, the river widens and becomes more shallow. This makes it more likely that the river will overflow its banks during heavy rains, leading to flooding.
All of these factors contribute to the high level of flood vulnerability in Madhya Pradesh. The state’s geography, climate, and human activities all make it susceptible to flooding.