The correct answer is d) All of the above.
Excessive sand mining can lead to coastal erosion, water table depletion, and loss of biodiversity.
Coastal erosion is the process of land being worn away by the action of waves and tides. Sand mining can contribute to coastal erosion by removing sand from beaches and dunes, which helps to protect the coast from erosion.
Water table depletion is the lowering of the water table, which is the level at which groundwater is found. Sand mining can contribute to water table depletion by removing sand from aquifers, which are underground layers of rock or sand that store water.
Loss of biodiversity is the decrease in the variety of life on Earth. Sand mining can contribute to loss of biodiversity by destroying habitats and ecosystems.
For example, sand mining can destroy coral reefs, which are important ecosystems that provide food and shelter for many marine animals. Sand mining can also destroy mangrove forests, which are important ecosystems that protect coastlines from erosion and provide habitat for many marine animals.
In conclusion, excessive sand mining can have a number of negative environmental impacts, including coastal erosion, water table depletion, and loss of biodiversity.