The correct answer is: a) Waterlogged soils.
Excessive leaching of nutrients can occur in waterlogged soils because the water prevents the roots of plants from taking up the nutrients. This can lead to nutrient deficiency in plants, which can reduce their growth and yield.
Waterlogged soils are soils that have a high water content. This can occur when there is too much rainfall or when the soil is poorly drained. Waterlogged soils can be a problem for plants because they prevent the roots from getting the oxygen they need. This can lead to root rot and other problems.
Laterite soils are soils that are rich in iron and aluminum oxides. They are typically found in tropical and subtropical regions. Laterite soils are often infertile because the iron and aluminum oxides bind to the nutrients, making them unavailable to plants.
Peaty soils are soils that are made up of partially decomposed organic matter. They are typically found in bogs and swamps. Peaty soils are often acidic and have poor drainage. This can make them difficult to grow plants in.
Clayey soils are soils that are made up of small, tightly packed particles of clay. They are often heavy and have poor drainage. This can make them difficult to grow plants in.
In conclusion, the correct answer is: a) Waterlogged soils.