"Evidence" under the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 includes

“Evidence” under the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 includes

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oral evidence.

documentary evidence.

both oral and documentary evidence.

oral evidence based upon personal reading of documents.

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021

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The correct answer is C) both oral and documentary evidence.

Section 3 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 defines “Evidence” as meaning and including both “oral evidence” (statements made by witnesses before the Court) and “documentary evidence” (all documents, including electronic records, produced for the inspection of the Court).

Oral evidence consists of the statements of witnesses. Documentary evidence consists of documents. The Act makes a clear distinction between these two types of evidence. The definition is exhaustive for the purpose of the Act, meaning evidence within the meaning of the Act must fall into one of these two categories. Evidence does not include things like material objects unless they are incorporated into documentary evidence or used to understand oral evidence.

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