Environmental concerns and opposition to large-scale development projects (like dams) have sometimes been integrated into:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above

Environmental concerns and opposition to large-scale development projects (like dams) have sometimes been integrated into tribal movements, workers’ rights movements, and peasant movements.

• Tribal movements are often concerned with the protection of their traditional lands and resources from development projects that would displace them or damage their environment. For example, the Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is a movement of tribal people in India who are opposed to the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam on the Narmada River. The NBA argues that the dam will displace thousands of people and damage the environment.
• Workers’ rights movements are often concerned with the health and safety of workers, as well as the environmental impact of their workplaces. For example, the United Steelworkers of America (USW) is a labor union that represents workers in the steel industry. The USW has been involved in campaigns to reduce air pollution from steel mills and to protect workers from exposure to hazardous chemicals.
• Peasant movements are often concerned with the rights of small farmers and the protection of their land and livelihoods. For example, the Landless Workers’ Movement (MST) is a peasant movement in Brazil that is fighting for land reform. The MST has been involved in occupations of large farms and in protests against government policies that favor large landowners.

In all of these cases, environmental concerns have been linked to social and economic justice issues. This has led to the development of a new kind of environmentalism that is more inclusive and more focused on the needs of people who are most affected by environmental degradation.