The correct answer is A. Schumpeter’s.
Joseph Schumpeter was an Austrian-American economist and sociologist who is considered one of the most important economists of the 20th century. He is best known for his theory of economic development, which argues that economic growth is driven by the process of creative destruction.
Schumpeter believed that entrepreneurship is the driving force behind economic development. He defined entrepreneurs as “innovators who introduce new products and processes, and who reorganize existing firms and industries.” He argued that entrepreneurs are essential for economic growth because they are the ones who bring new ideas and technologies to market.
Schumpeter’s theory of entrepreneurship has been influential in both economics and sociology. It has been used to explain the rise and fall of economies, as well as the development of new technologies and industries.
The other options are incorrect because they do not support the statement that entrepreneurship is the outcome of the socio-economic structure of a country.
Option B, McClelland’s theory of achievement motivation, argues that people are motivated to achieve success by a need for achievement. This need is said to be learned through early childhood experiences, and it is influenced by cultural factors. However, McClelland’s theory does not specifically address the role of entrepreneurship in economic development.
Option C, Hagen’s theory of social change, argues that economic development is driven by a need for achievement that is created by a society’s social structure. Hagen argues that people in societies with a high need for achievement are more likely to be entrepreneurial. However, Hagen’s theory does not explain how entrepreneurship leads to economic development.
Option D, John Kunkel’s theory of economic development, argues that economic development is driven by a country’s natural resources, human capital, and technology. Kunkel’s theory does not specifically address the role of entrepreneurship in economic development.