The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Energy storage technologies like batteries and pumped hydro can help address challenges posed by the intermittent nature of renewable energy, peak demand, and grid reliability.
- The intermittent nature of renewable energy
Renewable energy sources like solar and wind power are intermittent, meaning that they do not produce electricity all the time. This can be a challenge for the grid, as it needs to be able to provide a steady stream of electricity to meet demand. Energy storage technologies can help to address this challenge by storing excess electricity from renewable sources when it is available and then releasing it back onto the grid when demand is high.
- Peak demand
Peak demand is the highest level of electricity demand that occurs during a given period of time. This typically occurs during the morning and evening hours, when people are using electricity for activities like cooking, showering, and using appliances. Energy storage technologies can help to meet peak demand by storing electricity during off-peak hours and then releasing it back onto the grid when demand is high.
- Grid reliability
Grid reliability is the ability of the grid to provide a steady stream of electricity to meet demand. This is important for a number of reasons, including ensuring that businesses and homes have access to electricity, preventing blackouts, and protecting the environment. Energy storage technologies can help to improve grid reliability by providing a buffer against disruptions to the grid, such as power outages or fluctuations in demand.
In conclusion, energy storage technologies like batteries and pumped hydro can help address a number of challenges posed by the modern energy system. These technologies can help to improve the reliability of the grid, meet peak demand, and address the intermittent nature of renewable energy.