Energy is required for maintenance of life. It is obtained by a proces

by

Energy is required for maintenance of life.
It is obtained by a process called

Metabolism
Phagocytosis
Photorespiration
Decomposition
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2015
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The correct answer is Metabolism. Metabolism encompasses all the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life, including those that generate energy.
Metabolism includes catabolic pathways which break down complex molecules (like carbohydrates, fats, proteins) obtained from food, releasing energy in the process (primarily in the form of ATP) that is used for cellular activities and maintenance of life.
Phagocytosis is a process of engulfing particles; Photorespiration is a process in plants that reduces photosynthetic efficiency; Decomposition is the breakdown of dead organic matter. While these processes are related to obtaining or releasing energy in specific contexts, Metabolism is the general term for the sum of biochemical reactions within an organism that yield energy for life functions.

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