Employing Chromatography, one cannot separate
radio-isotopes
colours from a dye
pigments from a natural colour
drugs from blood
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This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2019
Chromatography is a technique used to separate components of a mixture based on their differential partitioning between a stationary phase and a mobile phase. It is highly effective for separating substances like colours from a dye, pigments from a natural colour, or components like drugs from complex biological matrices such as blood.
Radio-isotopes are different forms of the same element, differing only in the number of neutrons (and thus mass) but having the same chemical properties. Chromatography separates based primarily on physical or chemical interactions that relate to solubility, adsorption, volatility, size, or charge. Since isotopes of an element have virtually identical chemical behaviour, chromatography is generally not a suitable method for separating radio-isotopes. Techniques like mass spectrometry, gas diffusion, or centrifugation are typically used for isotope separation based on mass differences.