The correct answer is: a) Diversifying crops and improving yields.
Diversifying crops and improving yields are the most effective ways to increase food production in Meghalaya. The state has a diverse range of agro-climatic zones, which makes it possible to grow a variety of crops. By diversifying crops, farmers can reduce their risk of crop failure and increase their yields. Additionally, improving yields can be achieved through the use of improved seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation.
Expanding cultivated area is not a sustainable option for increasing food production in Meghalaya. The state has a limited amount of arable land, and further expansion would lead to deforestation and environmental degradation. Large-scale commercial farming is also not a sustainable option, as it would require the use of large amounts of water and pesticides, which would have a negative impact on the environment. Sole reliance on traditional practices is not a sustainable option either, as these practices are often not efficient and do not take into account the latest scientific advances.
In conclusion, the most effective way to increase food production in Meghalaya is to diversify crops and improve yields. This can be achieved through the use of improved seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation. Expanding cultivated area, large-scale commercial farming, and sole reliance on traditional practices are not sustainable options.